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1.
Rev. bras. farmacogn ; 20(3): 382-389, jun.-jul. 2010. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-555919

ABSTRACT

Some species of the plant genus Alchornea (family Euphorbiaceae) are widely used in popular medicine, mainly in South America and in Africa. Several kinds of biological activity have been seen in the species: antioxidant, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, cytotoxic against tumor cell lines and inhibitory to the replication of HIV-1 and HIV-2. In Brazil, the species Alchornea castaneaefolia Willd. A. Juss. and Alchornea glandulosa Poepp. & Endl. are used by the local population to treat rheumatism, arthritis and muscular pains. In view of the popular use of these plants as medicines and the potential risks from their consumption, we assessed the mutagenic potential of chloroform and methanol extracts of the leaves of these plant species, employing the in vivo micronucleus test and the Ames assay. The data obtained showed that the chloroform extracts were not mutagenic. The methanol extract of A. castaneaefolia was mutagenic to strain TA98 of Salmonella typhimurium and the methanol extract of A. glandulosa to strains TA98 and TA97a. The methanol extracts of both species of Alchornea were mutagenic in vivo at the largest dose employed. The probable mutagenic agents involved were the aglycone quercetin and amentoflavone, present in both species.


Algumas espécies de plantas do gênero Alchornea (Euphorbiaceae) são conhecidas por apresentarem as atividades biológicas: antioxidante, antifúngica, antiinflamatória, antibacteriana, citotóxica para células tumorais e inibidoras da replicação dos vírus HIV-1 e HIV-2. São também amplamente usadas na medicina popular na America do Sul e África. No Brasil, Alchornea castaneaefolia Willd. A. Juss. e Alchornea glandulosa Poepp. & Endl. são usadas para tratamento do reumatismo, artrite e dores musculares. Devido ao uso medicinal dessas plantas e o potencial risco do seu consumo indiscriminado, no presente trabalho foi avaliada a atividade mutagênica dos extratos metanólico e clorofórmico das folhas, empregando o teste do micronúcleo in vivo e o teste de Ames. Os resultados mostraram que o extrato clorofórmico não apresentou mutagenicidade, porém, o extrato metanólico de A. castaneaefolia foi mutagênico para a linhagem TA98 de Salmonella typhimurium e o extrato metanólico de A. glandulosa para as linhagens TA98 e TA97a. O extrato metanólico de ambas as espécies também apresentaram mutagenicidade positiva nos ensaios in vivo na maior concentração usada. Os prováveis agentes mutagênicos envolvidos foram a quercetina aglicona e amentoflavona presentes em ambas as espécies.

2.
Semina cienc. biol. saude ; 29(1): 47-56, jan.-jun. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-514301

ABSTRACT

O gênero Miconia possui aproximadamente 1000 espécies, e para algumas, já foram descritas atividades biológicas como a analgésica e antimicrobiana. Esse trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os possíveis efeitos protetores e citotóxicos dos extratos metanólicos de M. albicans, M. cabucu, M. rubiginosa e M. stenostachya e do extrato clorofórmico de M. albicans em células da medula óssea de camundongos na dose de 540 mg/kg p.c. Os extratos foram administrados via gavage e a ciclofosfamida (CPA) foi aplicada intraperitonealmente 1h, após a suplementação com os extratos. Todos os animais foram submetidos à eutanásia 30h após o tratamento. As células analisadas foram retiradas da medula óssea de acordo com protocolo descrito por Schmid (1975). A citotoxicidade dos extratos foi avaliada pela percentagem de eritrócitos policromáticos (PCE) em 200 eritrócitos (PCE + NCE). Foram analisados 2000 PCEs por animal e anotadas as freqüências de MNPCEs. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que nenhum dos extratos associados à CPA apresentou efeito citotóxico e somente os extratos de M. rubiginosa, M. stenostachya mostraram efeito protetor ao DNA. A análise química dos extratos mostrou que as quatro espécies estudadas contêm, principalmente, flavonóides, compostos fenólicos e taninos. A caracterização fitoquímica desses extratos poderia contribuir para elucidação do efeito protetor apresentado somente pelas espécies M. rubiginosa e M. stenostachya, além de possibilitar o estudo de outras possíveis atividades terapêuticas.


The genus Miconia is comprised of approximately 1000 species. For some of them, biological activitieshave already been described such as the analgesic and the anti-microbial ones. The purpose of this workwas to evaluate the possible protective and cytotoxic effects of the methanolic extract from M. albicans,M. cabucu, M. rubiginosa and M. stenostachya and the chloroformic extract from M. albicans in micebone marrow cells in 540 mg/kg p.c. dose. The extracts were administered by means of forced feedingand the cyclophosphamide (CPA) was applied intraperitonially one hour after supplementation withextracts. All animals were submitted to euthanasia 30 hours after the treatment. The analyzed cells wereextracted from mice bone marrow according to protocol described by Schmid (1975). The cytotoxicityof the extracts was evaluated through the percentage of polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) in 200erythrocytes (PCE + NCE). Two thousand PCEs of each animal were analyzed and the micronucleatedpolychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs) frequencies were scored. The results obtained indicated that


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Mice , Plants, Medicinal , Micronucleus Tests
3.
Genet. mol. biol ; 29(1): 159-165, 2006. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-424753

ABSTRACT

The plant Croton cajucara Benth. (Euphorbiaceae) is a medicinal plant from the Brazilian Amazon where it is commonly known as sacaca. The principal compound isolated from C. cajucara stem-bark extracts is the clerodane-type diterpene trans-dehydrocrotonin (DCTN) which presents several biological activities, including antiulcerogenic, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, antimutagenic and antitumoral activity. However, few studies have been carried out to evaluate the therapeutic potential of raw C. cajucara extracts. We studied mutagenicity and antimutagenicity effects of C. cajucara methanol extract using the micronucleus assay in bone marrow cells and the dominant lethal assay in mice submitted to subchronic treatments. The blood testosterone levels of the mice were also measured to assess the effects of the methanol extract on testes function. Statistical analysis of the data obtained in this study showed no statistically significant mutagenicity attributable to C. cajucara stem-bark extracts, nor did such extracts show antimutagenic activity at the concentrations assessed. The testosterone concentration was normal in all the mice studied.


Subject(s)
Animals , Antimutagenic Agents/therapeutic use , Croton , Micronucleus Tests , Mutagenicity Tests , Plants, Medicinal
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